{ 情态动词详解及练习 }
语法专题详解
一、定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。
二、情态动词的种类:
情态动词 |
词义 |
否定形式 |
词义 |
can |
能够,会 |
can’t |
不能,不会 |
could |
能够,会 |
couldn’t |
不能,不会 |
may |
可以 |
/ |
/ |
must |
必须 |
mustn’t |
不允许,不能 |
shall |
将,要 |
/ |
/ |
should |
应该 |
shouldn’t |
不应该 |
need |
需要 |
needn’t |
不必 |
would |
将会,愿 |
wouldn’t |
不会,不愿 |
三、情态动词的常见用法:
1.can和could的用法
(1)can/could 表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could 为 can 的过去式。如:Can I use your book?我可以用你的书吗?
(2)can 用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用 can; could 用在疑问句中,比can 更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。
Eg: -Could you tell me the way to the park?你能告诉我去公园的路吗?
-Sorry. I can't. I'm new here。不好意思,我不知道。我是新来的。
[注意]
①can 和could 只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态。
②另外, can't 可表示否定推测。
2.may和might的用法
may/might 意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。
might 是may 的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。
以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't。
Eg: MayI use your book? 我可以用你用的书吗?
He might be alive. 他可能还活着。
【注意】
can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气。
3.must和should
(1)must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't, 表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:
Eg:You mustn't drive after drinking。你绝不能酒后驾车。
①must 与 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。
②回答由must 引导的疑问句:
肯定回答:Yes, …must. 如:
-Must I go home now?
-Yes, you must.
否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn't have to.
Eg:-Must I go home now?
-No, you needn't. 。
③must 表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,
如:The man must be your teacher。那个人一定是你的老师。
(2)should意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。否定形式为shouldn’t。
Eg: You should get up early.
You shouldn't eat too much sugar.
4.will和would
1)用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更委婉,更客气。
如:Will you please open the window?
Would you like some coffee?
2) would表示建议“你愿意…吗”
-Would you like to go shopping with me?
-Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.
[注意区别]
①I’d like+n. … 我想要…(接名词)
如:I’d like some water.
②I’d like to + v. … 我想要做…(接动词原形)
如:I’d like to go with Tom.
5、shall用于第一人称 (I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “……好吗?”
eg: ①Where shall we have dinner?
②-Shall we go fishing? -
- All right. \OK. \Good idea.
专项练习
Ⅰ.选择
1. It rained heavily,so we ___ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day.
A. could B. had to C. must
2. — May I take the magazine out of the reading room?
— No,you can’t. You _________ read it here. It’s the rule.
A. must B. would C. may D. might
3. -Dad,may I watch TV?
-No,you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.
A. must B. can C. may
4.一Bob,shall we go and meet our new classmate?
一Sorry.I‘m busy now.But you____ ask David to go with you.He is free.
A.need B.may C.would D.must
5. —Must I be home before eight o‘clock, Mum?
— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o‘clock.
A. needn‘t B. can‘t C. mustn‘t
6. —_________ I borrow your book?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will
7、—Shall we work on the farm ?
—_________ .
A. Yes,we do. B. Yes, we shall. C.All right.
Ⅱ. 用情态动词can,can't,may,must,needn't,mustn't,should填空。
1、----- Must I return the books tomorrow?
----- No, you ________ .
2、You ________ write more careful next time.
3、There will be no school tomorrow. You _______ come to school.
4、----- ________I come in?
----- Yes , please.
5、I am afraid that they ________ not like the idea.
6、----- ________ you answer the question in English?
----- No, I ________ .
7、Time is important. We ________ waste our time.
8、We ________ help each other in time of trouble.
参考答案:
Ⅰ.选择:BAAB ABC
Ⅱ. 略
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